There are two general approaches to voting systems: simple majority and proportional representation. The BBC provides
an interactive guide to various voting systems (only one is a simple majority system: first past the post); use this to note definitions of FPTP and the other PR systems, and where in the UK they are used.
You can also find superior, more detailed definitions at
http://www.parliament.uk/about/how/elections-and-voting/voting-systems/ or at
http://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/.
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This table can be found here, with more detailed breakdowns of voting systems and more international examples of where they're each used |
You'll be asked to find arguments for or against FPTP and STV (as an example of PR): use these links -
FPTP,
STV.
This is another very useful site for comparing arguments for/against FPTP.